Operating system services - IT Lesson 05

fufyhqï moaO;shl (Operating System)
fiajdjka oek.ksuq¡

Tnf.a iEu mß.Klhlu, iaud¾Ü fudnhs,a f*daka tll ish¨u jev flfrkafka fuu fufyhqï moaO;sh ksihs¡

fufyhqï moaO;shla u.ska mß.Klfha odvdx. yd fjk;a uDÿldx. l,uKdlrKh lrhs¡ tau.ska wfkl=;a uDÿldx. ioyd fiajdjka ,ndfokq ,nhs¡ fï wdldrfhka mß.Kl fufyhqï moaO;shlska ihmk fiajdjka ms<sno Tng ir,j lshd§ug wm fuu IT mdvï ud,dfõ 5 jekak Tng bosßm;a lrkjd¡ mß.Kl ;dlaIKh .ek we,aula olajk iy yodrk whg fuu mdvu f.dvla jeo.;a¡ m%Odk;ajfhka jYfhka mß.Kl fufyhqï moaO;shlska bgq lrk uQ,sl ld¾hhka 2 la ;sfnkjd¡

1. mß.Kl moaO;shl jQ oDvdx. md,kh lsÍu¡
2. ñ;%YS,S w;=reuqyqK;la ,nd §u¡

mß.Kl moaO;shl jQ oDvdx. md,kh lsÍu¡

mß.Kl moaO;shl oDvdx. md,kh lsÍu ioyd fufyhqï moaO;sh u.ska bgqjk l<ukdlrK ld¾hNdrh my; mßÈ fõ¡

• l%shdj,S l<ukdlrKh¡
• u;l l<ukdlrKh¡
• Wmdx. l<ukdlrKh¡
• f.dkq l<ukdlrKh¡
• wdrlaIl l<ukdlrKh¡
• mß.Kl cd, l<ukdlrKh¡

l%shdj,S l<ukdlrKh¡

mß.Klh Ndú;d lr,d wms úúO ld¾hhka bgq lr .kakjd lsh,d Tn okakjfka' ksoiqkla jYfhka uqo%K hka;%hlska ,smshla uqo%Kh lsÍug is;a fhduq lrkak' ,smshla uqo%Kh lsßu wmg tla ld¾hhla f,iska fmkqko mß.Klfha§ fuu ld¾hh isÿ lrkqfha l=vd l=vd ld¾hh rdYshlg fnod .ksñkah' fufyhqï moaO;sj,§ fuu l=vd ld¾hhla l%shdj,shla f,iska yÿkajhs¡

mß.Klfha l%shd;aul jk mß.Kl jevigykla fyda jevigykl fldgila fyda l%shdj,shla f,iska ir,j yeÈkaúh yelsh' mß.Klfha fuu iEu ld¾hhlau l%shdj,s tlla fyda lsysmhla yryd isÿfõ'

l%shdj,S ioyd wjYH jk wdldrhg uOH ieliqï tallfha ld,h fjka lr .ekSu" u;lh fjka lr .ekSu iy wod, l%shdj,S ioyd wdodk m%;sodk tall fjka lr .ekSu jeks iïm;a l<ukdlrK ld¾h fufyhqï moaO;sfha l%shdj,S l<ukdlrKfha§ isÿfõ'tfiau l%shdj,s kshñ; wdldrfhka fm<.eiSug lghq;= lsÍu;a l%shdj,s l<ukdlrKfha§ fufyhqï moaO;sh u.ska bgq lrhs'

u;l l<ukdlrKh

mß.Klh l%shd;aul ùfï§ úfYaIfhkau u;lh tkï iiïNdù m%fõY u;lh úYd, ld¾hhla bgq lrkq olakg mq¿jk' wdodkh lrk ,o o;a; uOH ieliqï tallh fj; .uka lrk f;la rojd ;nd .kafkao ilia lrkq ,enQ o;a; tkï f;dr;=re m%;sodk tall fj; fhduq lrk f;la rojd ;nd .kafka o u;lh ;=<hs' fï ksid u;lh úêu;aj l<ukdlrKh lsÍu mß.Klfha ukd l%shdldÍ;ajh ioyd w;jYHh'

u;l l<uKdlrKh ioyd fufyhqï moaO;sh u.ska úúO jQ Wml%u fhdod.kakd w;r fufyhqï moaO;sh u.ska mß.Klfha jQ m%d:ñl u;lh (Primary memory) iiïNdù m%fõY $ msúiqï u;lh (Random Access Memory – RAM) fukau oaú;ShSl u;lh (Secondary Memory) hk u;l wdldr folu l<ukdlrKh lsÍug lghq;= lrk nj wm u;l ;nd .; hq;=h'

Wmdx. l<ukdlrKh¡

mß.Kl moaO;shl fndfyda m¾hka; Wmdx.(Peripheral devices) Ndú;d lrk nj Tn okakjd we;s'fuu ish¨ Wmdx. md,kh lsÍfï j.lSu orkafkao fufyhqï moaO;shhs' Wmdx. md,kh ioyd oDvdx. fldgia jk Wmdx. md,l(device controllers) o uDÿldx. fldgia md,kh ioyd Odjl$ t,jqï jevigyka (device drivers)o fhdod .efka'

WodyrKhla .;fyd;a Tn úiska ñ,§ .kq ,nk uqo%K hka;%hla mß.Klfhys ksjerÈj l%shd;aul ùug kï ta ioyd kshñ; Odjl jevigyk fufyhqï moaO;sfha ksjerÈ wdldrfhka ia:dmkh l< hq;=h¡

j¾;udkfha§ fndfyda Wmdx. iú l< ú.i l%shd;aul jk wdldrfhka ilia lr we;s w;r Bg wod< Odjl jevigyka fufyhqï moaO;sh úiska iajhxl%Shj ia:dmkh lr.kq olakg yelsh' fï ksid wmg fuu Odjl jevigyka ia:mkh lsÍu ms<snoj lror ùug wjYH fkdjkq we;'

f.dkq l<ukdlrKh¡

mß.Klfha o;a; ;ekam;a lsÍug f.dkq Ndú;d lrk nj;a tajd úêu;aj l<ukdlrKh lsÍug f*da,avr fhdod.kakd nj;a fï jk úg Tn okakjd we;s' f.dkq l<ukdlrKh ms<sno lghq;= lsÍu;a fufyhqï moaO;sfha ld¾hhls' fufyhqï moaO;sh u.ska f.dkq l<ukdlrKh ioyd my; ioyka fiajd bgq lrkq ,nhs'

1. wkjYH f.dkq uld oeóu'
2. kj f.dkq ilia lsÍu iy ksis f,i ia:dk.; lsÍu'
3. wjYH mßÈ f*da,av¾ ilia lsÍu iy wkjYH tajd uld oeóu'
4. f.dkqj, yd f*da,av¾j, kïfjkia lsÍu'

wdrlaIl l<ukdlrKh¡

mß.Kl fj; úúOdldrfhka ;¾ck we;sjkq nj Tn okakjd we;s' WodyrKhla f,i ffjria jeks wksIag udÿldx.j,ska mß.Klfha uDÿ l%shdldÍ;ajh flfrys n,mEï we;s lrkq fmkajd Èh yelsh' tfiau mß.Klhg wkjirfhka we;=¿ jkakka úiska mß.Klfha we;s o;a;"f;dr;=re jeks foa uld oeóu" úkdY lr oeóu jeks ld¾hhkao mß.Kl moaO;shlg uqyqK §ug isÿjk ;j;a ;¾ckhls¡

fujeks ;¾ckhka úiska mß.Klh wdrlaId lsÍfï j.lSu orkqfha fufyhqï moaO;sh hs' fï ioyd mß.Kl fufyhqï moaO;sh úiska úúOdldrfha Wml%u Ndú;d flf¾¡

mß.Kl cd,lrK l<ukdlrKh¡

fndfyda fufyhqï moaO;s cd,lrK kshudj,s ioyd iydh fohs' cd,h ;=< mj;sk mß.Kl" uqo%K hka;%" iqmÍlaIk hka;% wd§ odvdx. iy f.dkq jYfhka mj;sk uDÿldx. wd§ iïm;a /yeka iys;j fyda rys;j yjqf,a Ndú;d lsÍug myiqlï imhhs¡

cd,h ;=< ÿria:j mß.Kl fj; m%fõY ùu ioyd o fufyhqï moaO;sh Wmldr fõ' fï ioyd ir, ikaksfõokfha isg nyq udOH wdldrfha ikaksfõok myiqlï mß.Kl cd,hla ;=<ska ,nd fohs' wo jk úg cd, ;=<ska ÿria:j isg ikaksfõok n,h Wmßu f,i fhdod.kS¡

• l,ska mdvï i|yd fu;kska msúfikak 01, 02, 03, 04